Lumbar fracture fixation with spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to stabilise the lower spine after a fracture. These fractures can result from significant trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from a height, or from weakened bones due to conditions like osteoporosis. When a lumbar vertebra is fractured and the spine becomes unstable—or when bone fragments press on the spinal cord or nerve roots—surgical fixation may be necessary.
The spinal column is composed of a series of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs, which serve as cushions that enable spinal movement. These discs allow flexibility and motion, such as bending forward or arching backward. However, when a vertebral fracture disrupts this structure, movement in the affected area can cause significant pain and further neurological damage.
Spinal fusion is performed to restore stability by permanently connecting two or more vertebrae. The surgeon may use screws, rods, plates, or cages to realign the spine and hold the vertebrae together. A bone graft, taken either from the patient (autograft) or a donor (allograft), is placed between the vertebrae to promote bone growth and eventual fusion. Over time, the vertebrae grow together into a single, solid unit, eliminating painful movement and restoring alignment.
There are various types of lumbar spine fractures, including:
- Compression fractures, where the vertebra collapses in height, often due to osteoporosis.
- Flexion and extension fractures, typically caused by sudden forward or backward force.
- Rotation and distraction fractures, which may result from violent twisting or pulling forces.
Spinal fusion may be advised for several conditions in addition to trauma, such as abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis or kyphosis), disc herniation, spinal instability from tumors or infections, or chronic degenerative changes that compromise function.
The goal of surgery is to stabilise the spine, relieve nerve compression, and allow early mobilisation. Recovery typically begins with physiotherapy soon after the operation is critical to regain strength, restore functional ability, and return to daily activities.
Damage from a lumbar fracture can lead to muscle weakness, loss of sensation, and reduced independence in everyday tasks. By stabilising the fractured vertebrae and preventing further damage, spinal fusion surgery offers a way to restore function and improve quality of life in suitable patients.
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Interbody Fusion Procedures
Minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion (MI-LIF) procedures are advanced surgical techniques designed to stabilise the spine and correct deformities such as scoliosis, kyphosis, degenerative disc disease, or trauma-related damage. Unlike traditional open surgeries, these approaches use smaller incisions, spare surrounding muscles and tissues, and often result in quicker recovery times and reduced post-operative pain.